Acute Myelogenous Leukemias with Recurrent Cytogenetic Abnormalities
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Definition
This WHO group of Acute Myelogenous Leukemias is characterized by recurrent genetic abnormalities. The abnormalities are generally balanced translocations and have a high ratio of complete remission and favorable prognosis.
Sample Cases
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| Case Name (click on case name to open) |
Comments | Size |
Categories
The following are recurring cytogenetic abnormalities seen in AML:
- Acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22); (AML1/ETO)
- Acute myelid leukemia with inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13q22); (CBFB/MYH11)
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML with t(15;17)(q22;q12); (PML/RARa)
- Acute meyeloid leukemia with 11q23 (MLL) abnormalities
Many of these genetic abnormalities are detected by reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which has a higher vity of ( X 10 5) than conventional cytogenetics (1 X 10 2)
Morphology and cytochemistry
Immunophenotyping
Other relevant tests
Genetics
Certain cytogenetic abnormalities are associated with very good outcomes (for example, the (15;17) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia). About half of AML patients have "normal" cytogenetics; they fall into an intermediate risk group. A number of other cytogenetic abnormalities are known to associate with a poor prognosis and a high risk of relapse after treatment
Subclassification
| Risk Category | Abnormality | 5-year survival | Relapse rate |
| Favorable |
t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16) |
70% | 33% |
| Intermediate |
Normal, +8, +21, +22, del(7q), del(9q), Abnormal 11q23, all other structural or numerical changes |
48% | 50% |
| Adverse |
5, -7, del(5q), Abnormal 3q, Complex cytogenetics |
15% | 78% |